The Temporary Residence Work Visa is the standard immigration process for qualified assignees, local hires or self-employed workers to work in Ecuador on a temporary basis. An application may be submitted post-arrival in Ecuador or at the relevant Ecuadorian consulate abroad. The visa is issued for up to two years, after which it is possible to apply for permanent residence. Nationals of a member or an associate member country of MERCOSUR (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname and Uruguay) do not require work authorisation to take up employment in Ecuador, but are required to apply for a MERCOSUR Visa post arrival or at the relevant Ecuadorian consulate abroad. Nationals of a member or an associate member country of UNASUR (Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela) do not require work authorisation to take up employment in Ecuador, but are required to apply for a UNASUR Visa post-arrival. The UNASUR visa can also be applied for at the relevant Ecuadorian consulate abroad. Venezuelan nationals do not require work authorisation to take up employment in Ecuador, but are required to apply for a visa prior arrival or at the corresponding Ecuadorian consulate abroad.